Tingkat Persaingan Eksportir Utama Bunga Pala Bubuk di Pasar Internasional
Keywords:
Mace Powder, DRCA, Competitiveness, RCAAbstract
Indonesia is the largest producer and exporter of powdered nutmeg, competing with export countries, namely the Netherlands and Vietnam. This study aims to analyze the level of competitiveness and changes in the competitive position of Indonesian powdered nutmeg compared to two main competing countries, namely the Netherlands and Vietnam, in the international market. The data used is secondary data in the form of panel data for 2012–2024 with the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Dynamic RCA (DRCA) analysis approaches. The analysis results show that Indonesia has a strong comparative advantage (RCA> 4) in the export of powdered nutmeg, but has experienced a downward trend in competitiveness of an average of -5% per year. In contrast, Vietnam and the Netherlands showed positive competitive growth, especially Vietnam, with a growth of 16% per year. The DRCA analysis shows that Indonesia's competitive position fluctuates, and in 2024, it is in a lost opportunity position, while Vietnam and the Netherlands are in a rising star position. These findings indicate that although Indonesia is a major exporter, its position is starting to be threatened by competitors. Policy suggestions to maintain and increase competitiveness require quality improvement strategies, post-harvest modernization, and strengthening export policies.References
Anh, D.T. 2021. Changing Trade Policies to Ensure Agricultural Export Growth in Vietnam. FFTC Journal of Agricultural Policy, Vol 1, 69-73. https://doi.org/10.56669/MRQH6418.
Asrol dan Heriyanto. 2017. Daya Saing Ekspor Pala Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Jurnal Dinamika Pertanian. 33(2):179-188.
[BPS] Badan Pusat Statistik. 2015. Statistik Indonesia. Jakarta (ID): BPS.
Center for the Promotion of Imports (CBI). (2020). Exporting spices and herbs to Europe. CBI, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Netherlands. Diakses dari CBI database https://www.cbi.eu/market-information/spices-herbs/value-added-spices-herbs pada 12 Juni 2025
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. 2017. Codex Committee on Spices and Culinary Herbs 3rd Session. Project Document. Proposal for New work on Codex Standard for Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt). Diakses dari http://www.fao.org/fao-who- odexalimentarius/shproxy/en/?logk=1&url=https%253A%252F%252Fworkspace.fao.org%252Fsites%252Fcodex%252FMeetings%252FCX-73603%252FCRD%252FCRD%2B19.pdf. pada 13 Mei 2025.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. 2021. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#compare. Diunduh pada 12 Mei 2025.
Hinloopen J. 2001. On the empirical distribution of the Balassa index. Review of World Economics. 137(1): 1-49
Jannah EM, Rita N, Ratna WA. 2019. Aliran Perdagangan Lada Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Risalah Kebijakan Pertanian dan Lingkungan. 6(2): 60-76.
Linh, L. 2023. With clear origin traceability, spice industry would gain around USD 2 billion. https://vietnamagriculture.nongnghiep.vn/with-clear-origin-traceability-spice-industry-would-gain-around-usd-2-billion-d366895.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Nguyen, T. H., Le, M. Q., & Tran, V. D. (2021). Enhancing Export Competitiveness of Vietnam’s Spice Products through Value Chain Integration. Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Economics, 19(2), 45–60.
Oxfarm. 2018. Behind the Barcodes: Supermarket Scorecard on human rights and sustainability. Oxfam. Boston.
Samhina, L., Rita N., dan Netti T. 2023. Daya Saing Biji Pala Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia (JIPI), 28(2), 209-221.
Siggel E. 2006. International Competitiveness and Comparative Advantage: A Survey and a Proposal for Measurement in The Many Dimensions of Competitiveness. J Ind Compet Trade 6: 137-159.
Sujianto, S., dkk. 2024. Assessing Indonesian Nutmeg Commodity Trade Competitiveness and Developing Sustainable Strategies in the Global Market. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics, 16 (3), 121-138.
Suriya K. 2001. RCA and market share interpretation technique. Chiang Mai University Journal of Economics: 10-15.
Suryani, E., & Susilowati, S. H. (2020). Daya Saing dan Strategi Pengembangan Ekspor Rempah-rempah Indonesia di Pasar Internasional. Jurnal Agribisnis Indonesia (Journal of Indonesian Agribusiness), 8(1), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.29244/jai.2020.8.1.12-25.
Widyasanti AA. 2010. Perdagangan Bebas Regional dan Daya Saing Ekspor:Kasus Indonesia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan.
