PENILAIAN KUALITAS RUMAH BANTUAN PASKA TSUNAMI DI BANDA ACEH, INDONESIA SETELAH SATU DEKADE DITEMPATI
Keywords:
Penilaian, Lingkungan, Kualitas, Rumah Bantuan, TsunamiAbstract
Dari seluruh kabupaten atau kota di Aceh, Banda Aceh sebagai ibu kota merupakan daerah yang paling parah terkena dampak gempa dan tsunami pada tahun 2004. Perumahan merupakan proyek bantuan dengan jumlah terbesar dan desain yang beragam karena bersumber dari berbagai bantuan. Setelah 15 tahun, kelayakan perumahan tersebut terlihat lebih jelas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas rumah yang dihuni setelah lebih dari satu dekade melalui pengukuran kualitas lingkungannya. Umumnya, rumah bantuan terlihat bagus pada saat serah terima, tetapi kualitas sebenarnya perlu diuji setelah beberapa tahun ditempati. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Meuraxa dengan memilih lima desa secara acak. Sebanyak 45 hunian dengan 9 jenis desain dievaluasi. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengukuran mekanis untuk intensitas cahaya, kelembaban, dan suhu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum rumah bantuan belum memenuhi standar lingkungan rumah sehat yang ditetapkan pemerintah. Rumah yang dibangun oleh P2KP menunjukkan kinerja lingkungan dan kualitas bangunan yang lebih baik, sedangkan rumah dari YLKI dan BRR justru sebaliknya. Setelah lebih dari satu dekade, nampaknya kombinasi bantuan perumahan berkualitas rendah dan penduduk berpenghasilan rendah berkontribusi terhadap terbentuknya permukiman kumuh. Untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang komprehensif mengenai rekonstruksi rumah di Aceh dan Nias pasca Tsunami, penelitian di masa depan perlu mencakup lebih banyak variasi desain rumah dengan cakupan wilayah yang lebih luas. Tingginya angka kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Akut (ISPA) di Banda Aceh kemungkinan disebabkan oleh buruknya kualitas lingkungan rumah bantuan sehingga diperlukan kajian korelasi khusus di masa depan.References
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