PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA TERHADAP PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN BERENCANA DI TINJAU DARI KRIMINOLOGI

Abstract

Criminal liability for premeditated murder is a legal obligation imposed on a perpetrator for the act of taking another person's life involving a prior element of planning. Under Indonesian criminal law, premeditated murder is regulated by Article 459 of the National Criminal Code. This study employs a normative legal research method, utilizing both conceptual and statutory approaches. The objective of the research is to examine criminal liability for perpetrators of premeditated murder from a criminological perspective. Based on the preceding discussion, it is concluded that regarding criminal liability for premeditated murder—viewed through the lens of criminology and law enforcement—the harshest possible penalties should be imposed; the author maintains that since the perpetrator has already weighed the gravity of the crime beforehand, the death penalty is warranted. Furthermore, to successfully identify and apprehend the perpetrator, law enforcement agencies—specifically investigators—must genuinely improve their systems and legal culture, as well as enhance public transparency.