KONSTRUKSI MAKNA LIABILITAS JANGKA PENDEK DALAM PRAKTIK BISNIS UMKM MAKANAN: STUDI FENOMENOLOGI INTERPRETIF

Abstract

This study aims to understand how micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the food sector interpret short-term liabilities in the context of their business practices. The phenomenon in the field shows that most MSMEs manage financial obligations informally and based on social trust rather than using a formal accounting system. This study uses a qualitative approach with interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology to explore the experiences and subjective perceptions of MSME owners regarding their understanding of short-term liabilities. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation of school canteen MSMEs that have been operating since 2020. The results show that short-term liabilities are not only understood as formal financial obligations but also as moral and social responsibilities based on the values of honesty, trust, and interpersonal relationships with suppliers. Liability management is carried out simply through cash transactions and consignment systems without formal records, but remains effective in the context of small-scale businesses. These findings expand the understanding of financial accounting theory, which is generally normative and formal, by showing that accounting practices at the micro level are social, contextual, and rooted in the life experiences of business actors. This research contributes theoretically to the interpretive accounting literature and has practical implications for the development of financial literacy programs that are appropriate for the realities of MSMEs.